Provincial Government Roles

While nuclear safety and licensing are federal responsibilities under the CNSC, provincial governments play a central role in electricity system planning, energy policy decisions, and emergency management within their jurisdictions. Provincial governments also play a significant role in decisions related to nuclear development, refurbishment, decommissioning, and integration into provincial energy systems.

For nuclear host communities, understanding the distinct roles of federal and provincial governments helps clarify where policy decisions are made, how regulatory processes intersect with broader project reviews, and when municipalities may be engaged by multiple authorities simultaneously. This awareness supports effective coordination, informed council decision-making, and clearer communication with residents.

Provincial ministries with nuclear-related responsibilities include:

• Government of Alberta
  The Government of Alberta has established a Nuclear Energy Engagement and Advisory Panel to explore the potential role of nuclear energy and inform the development of a future provincial nuclear generation strategy. This work includes public and stakeholder engagement and is supported by a Canada–Alberta memorandum of understanding to co-develop a nuclear policy framework.
• Government of New Brunswick
  New Brunswick has responsibilities related to the Point Lepreau Nuclear Generating Station and emerging nuclear initiatives, working alongside federal regulators and local governments.
• Government of Ontario
  Ontario’s Ministry of Energy and Mines leads provincial nuclear energy policy, including refurbishment of existing nuclear stations and SMR development, and coordinates with host municipalities and federal regulators.
• Government of Quebec
  Quebec’s role in the nuclear sector is primarily focused on decommissioning and legacy nuclear facilities, including oversight of provincial interests related to Gentilly-2 and waste management activities.
• Government of Saskatchewan
  Saskatchewan plays a key role in uranium mining (including innovating through the new modern and environmentally conscious method of mining uranium called In-Situ Recovery) and fuel supply policy, SMR research, and is exploring future nuclear options in coordination with federal partners.